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I Watched the DSA Go Crazy. The Democrats May Be Next.

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How worried should Democrats be about the Democratic Socialists of America? In the wake of a series of DSA victories in New York City, Jonathan Chait raised the alarm in The Atlantic, writing that as the group has risen in power, it has also grown “more hostile to the [Democratic] party, more illiberal, and more dogmatic.” Long-time DSA members, including former staff member and thought leader David Duhalde and socialist magazine publisher Nathan J. Robinson, pushed back, dismissing Chait as someone who doesn’t know or understand the DSA.

Well, I know the DSA, and as someone who was a member and served in local leadership, I can say that Chait has it right: today’s DSA is not a harmless organization. It includes disciplined, radicalized networks that have methodically expanded their power over the last decade in pursuit of extremist goals.

As the Democratic Party grapples with the DSA’s growing influence and extremism, it would do well to recognize that the same dynamic underway now—first accommodation, then capture, then surrender to insurgent radicals—already played out on a smaller scale within the DSA itself. The only defense is to out-organize it.

For decades, the DSA was mostly composed of a cohort of aging Boomers left over from its founding in 1982. It prioritized open debate and political tolerance. Following in the tradition of founder Michael Harrington, members viewed the DSA not as a revolutionary vanguard but as a reformist bridge to mainstream labor-liberalism, and they prioritized parliamentary process and pluralism.

But in the mid-2010s, the character of the organization began to change. I was in Boston at the time and witnessed the last days of the “old” DSA. New, younger members began to enter the organization, while Senator Bernie Sanders and the socialist magazine Jacobin grew their followings.

As the DSA’s cultural power expanded and it began to amass electoral victories, more leftists of varying extremist commitments were drawn in. This was an explicit strategy called “the big tent,” advanced by the then-DSA Jacobin Left. In August 2025, DSA delegates voted to remove a constitutional provision barring Leninists from entry. The provision was already a dead letter.

The old DSA’s high-mindedness became its fatal weakness. Veteran members assumed the younger generation played by the same rules of persuasion, but the newcomers’ goal was not to win arguments—it was to transform the institution and its politics.

As the organization grew, it began to profess more extreme ideas—and demand that its members do the same. First there were the purity tests of Black Lives Matter and BDS, then apologia for Putin’s invasion of Ukraine and support for Hamas and its atrocities.

The new DSA—with the help of hype-man Hasan Piker—advanced these agendas with what American labor leader Walter Reuther called “the Communists’ highly developed technique of name-calling and character assassination.” The Harringtonites fought back, but their efforts came far too late, and many prominent members of the older generation eventually left.

My final attempt to challenge Leninist-Third Worldist dominance within the DSA fell apart amid stiff resistance. In April 2025, I proposed that North Star, a caucus including many Harringtonite veterans, call on the DSA’s governing board to demand that Hamas release all hostages in Israel and surrender unconditionally.

Even allies were dismissive of my proposal’s prospects. One member wrote, “Jake’s resolution could not pass. If it passed, we would close our doors the next day and deserve it. We would not deserve to be in DSA, which is perhaps his purpose.”   

Long-time DSA insiders like Duhalde, who has advocated for the “big tent” that brought in Communists, do not dispute that this radicalization process occurred. But Duhalde maintains that this was less about “entryism” than an “unplanned left-wing refoundation.” That formulation glosses over the systematic displacement of the organization’s foundational commitments and rejects the warnings of many in DSA’s founding generation.

In fact, the organization continues to eat its own. The former radical vanguard clustered around Jacobin has been eclipsed by a coalition of Third Worldists, Trotskyists, and doctrinaire Leninists, some of whom openly endorse political violence. At the same time, condescension and outright hostility toward anti-Communism remain. One long-time DSA thought leader dismisses the anti-Communist tradition on the Left as “neoconservatism with a union label.”

There are warning signs that the Democratic Party establishment is drifting toward a similar surrender. It is already teetering on the edge of accommodation—or worse, capture—rather than opposition.

What happened to the DSA can and will happen to the Democratic Party if more moderate Democrats don’t organize against it. As Reuther, a man with experience fighting Leninists, wrote in 1948: “You have to show [Communism] up in the marketplace of ideas, expose it by honest dealing.”

But the battle is not merely ideological. Reuther’s victory over the Communists in the United Auto Workers union was the result of a clear-eyed strategy of exposing, isolating, and driving out those who rejected democratic norms. He also built a broad anti-Communist coalition. Dissident Democrats would do well to take inspiration from him.

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What Farage can learn from Trump | The Spectator

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LLM (google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-20260507) summary:

  • Establishment Conspiracy: claims of a coordinated bureaucratic effort to derail populist figures through aggressive legal and political maneuvering.
  • Failed Strategy: assertions that the repeated usage of high-profile legal challenges against political outsiders often results in diminished public concern.
  • Trump Precedent: the observation that relentless legal attacks intended to disqualify an opponent ultimately failed to prevent his electoral return.
  • French Judicial Theatre: description of attempts to sideline political opposition through controversial legal convictions that appear transparently partisan.
  • Reform Party Fragility: anxieties surrounding questionable financial contributions which invite intense scrutiny from opponents and media critics.
  • Strategic Miscalculation: skeptical evaluation of a sudden resignation and by-election bid as a potentially futile and tiresome political maneuver.
  • Unorthodox Persona: insistence that a disregard for conventional standards of political conduct acts as a permanent shield against standard accountability.
  • Backfire Potential: the cynical conclusion that campaigns designed to ruin specific reputations frequently function as publicity tools that bolster voter loyalty.

In January this year Dominic Cummings – once of this parish – warned The Spectator’s editor and assistant editor that Whitehall and the establishment parties would “stop at nothing” to prevent Nigel Farage from becoming prime minister. As Cummings told the Quite right! podcast: “The people around [Keir] Starmer and all through the upper echelons of the Whitehall system are looking at Donald Trump. They’re looking across Europe, and they’re saying to themselves: ‘The lesson is to strike early and strike hard and not let these people in… Let’s smash the absolute living shit out of Farage, and make sure that he doesn’t win, by fair means or foul.'”

Cummings may be right about that, but the two most obvious comparisons with the recent hosing of Farage demonstrate how this maneuver can just as easily backfire.

Farage is, like Trump, too different from other politicians to be brought down by the usual rules

The “anti-Trump playbook” – as Trump himself has referred to the treatment of Farage – quite obviously did not work with Trump. Nevertheless, there was a period in around 2023 when it looked as if it could do so. Mar-a-Lago had already been raided by the FBI, looking for classified documents that it turned out almost every former official had lying around. And it was the year in which Trump was dragged to court in New York to face 34 felony counts relating to alleged hush-money payments and the falsifying of business records. Then in January 2024 a civil court ordered Trump to pay almost $90 million to a woman who had accused him of assaulting her in the changing rooms of a Manhattan department store three decades earlier.

To many observers it seemed that if only one of these cases had been pursued then the people most eager to keep Trump out of running in the 2024 election might have got their way. But the “get-Trump” movement over-egged it. So relentless were the accusations against him – and so patently absurd in some cases – that all but the most Trump-obsessed voters zoned out. Trump’s opponents threw everything they had at him in the hope that something would stick, only to discover that they had thrown so much at him that nothing stuck. Certainly not in the minds of the voting public who returned him to office the following year in both houses and the popular vote. The other example of something similar is happening in France where the leader of the National Rally, Marine Le Pen, just had her conviction for embezzlement upheld by a Paris court. The accusation against Le Pen was that her party had used millions of euros of EU funds to pay aides who used their time working in French national politics instead of European parliamentary matters. A thing that no other party in the EU parliament has ever done, obviously.

The French courts originally sentenced Le Pen to a four-year prison term and a five-year ban on running for political office. But in France – as in America – the case seems not to have landed with the public. The whole process looks too much like a concerted attempt to stop at nothing in order to prevent Le Pen from being able to run in France’s 2027 presidential election. Despite an appeals court upholding the conviction this week, it now looks as if Le Pen will be allowed to run in the next election, though for a year she will have to do so wearing an ankle monitor.

Which brings us back to Farage. In recent weeks the Reform party leader has looked vulnerable over his acceptance of a £5 million gift from a Thai-based crypto billionaire called Christopher Harborne. Now he is also getting criticism for accepting gifts from a roguish character in his inner circle known as “Posh George” (aka George Cottrell). Farage has responded to this with the uncommon move of resigning his parliamentary seat and vowing to run in a by-election in Clacton in which he promises to give the voters the say on whether or not they think these allegations should matter.

It doesn’t seem the wisest of moves to me. Voters tend not to like endlessly having to return to the polls. And the only precedent I can think of for Farage’s move was that odd moment in 2008 when David Davis stepped down and then stood in a fresh by-election over the issue of how long terrorist suspects could be detained without charge. My memory of that affair was that nobody could quite work out why Davis needed to resign and then fight and win a by-election in the same seat over an issue which he failed to bring any particularly fresh attention to. If he thought the stunt would advance his standing in the Conservative party, then the years since speak for themselves: to date David Davis is just about the only MP of his generation not to lead the Conservative party.

Farage is a different case. Anyone who thinks he might be intimidated into stepping down should remember that this is a man who led the UK Independence party in 2009. A party which, in the wake of the Westminster MPs expenses scandal, saw nothing odd about campaigning in the subsequent elections by knocking on prospective voters’ doors while wearing great big pound signs.

‘I don’t understand why he’s so popular…’

Personally I am not sure that any of the charges being made against Farage are going to stick. He is, like Trump, too different from other politicians to be brought down by the usual rules. It is true that he has needed personal security for many years, and it is obvious that the ways in which these and other expenses will have been paid for may be unorthodox. But the whole point of Farage is to be unorthodox. And, as with Trump, statements or scandals that would bring down any other politician fail to bring him down.

Nevertheless, it’s a fine balance. And a reminder of how much hangs on the often marginal judgment calls that people make. The people who are out to get Farage are presumably hoping to break him. If events across the Atlantic are anything to go by, they could just as easily be the making of him.

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AI Giants Are Handing Out Tons of Free Computing Power to Grab Startup Share - WSJ

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LLM (google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-20260507) summary:

  • Market Competition: leading artificial intelligence companies are aggressively providing financial incentives to capture new enterprise clients.
  • Startup Benefits: founders receive substantial computing credits and token subsidies that reduce reliance on external capital funding rounds.
  • Strategic Pricing: major providers utilize volume discounts and special access to engineers as instruments to secure long term market integration.
  • Cloud Subsidies: large technology firms including google microsoft and amazon provide significant cloud infrastructure credits to assist startup growth.
  • Competitive Landscape: intense pressure to increase margins ahead of anticipated public offerings drives these firms to fight for startup partnerships.
  • Accelerator Focus: major ai providers target y combinator cohorts with multi million dollar credit offers sometimes in exchange for equity.
  • Volume Incentives: current rate structures allow high usage of expensive token models at a fraction of their standard market price through subsidies.
  • Industry Lock In: model developers offer free infrastructure access to prevent startups from migrating to cheaper international or open weight alternatives.

Investors and startup founders mingling outdoors at Y Combinator Demo Day.Investors mingling with startup founders at Y Combinator Demo Day in San Francisco in March. Poppy Lynch for WSJ

Hans Ibarra, a founder building an AI-voice startup, has found himself on the receiving end of a big opportunity: Top artificial-intelligence companies such as OpenAI, Anthropic and others desperate to win his business are ramping up discounts.

Across Silicon Valley, startup founders like Ibarra are enjoying a wave of computing credits and fielding competing offers from AI-model makers racing to land new enterprise customers. Cursor, the AI-coding company bought by Elon Musk’s SpaceX, offered a 75% discount through July 5.

The offers from growing AI-sales armies at companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic are so rich that some early-stage startup founders say they won’t need to raise money as soon as they expected, and others have been able to play AI companies off one another. Startups have received offers that in some cases amounted to more than $3 million in credits from multiple companies for cloud computing and tokens, the central units used to measure and charge for AI usage, founders say. That is the size of the median U.S. seed round, according to PitchBook.

Alphabet’s GOOGL 1.82%increase; up pointing triangle Google Cloud is giving some startups up to $500,000 in cloud credits and early access to Gemini models. It also occasionally offers special access to DeepMind engineers, a Google spokesman said. Microsoft and Amazon Web Services also offer startups special perks.

The pitched battle for business users comes as AI companies seek lasting streams of revenue. They hope that by winning startups as customers early in the life of new companies, their tools will become integral to the venture’s growth over time.  

OpenAI and Anthropic are offering a string of promotions and one-time bonuses, even as both companies face enormous pressure to improve their margins ahead of expected initial public offerings. They also face competition from increasingly powerful “open weight,” or free models, as well as cheaper ones, many of which were developed in China.

The token deals available to founders “directly correlate to the scale you can grow your product,” said Ibarra, co-founder of Dialogus. “If you’re not getting this deal, you will need to raise money to buy those.”

Anthropic’s revenue skyrocketed late last year as millions of new users tapped their Claude Code and Cowork software to autonomously complete a range of tasks. Claude’s viral popularity helped launch the “agentic” AI era, in which top AI companies are increasingly focused on building tools that customers can use to complete long-running knowledge-work tasks, such as coding and deep research.

For months, OpenAI struggled to match the strength of Anthropic’s coding-focused models and products, giving its younger rival the advantage in the lucrative enterprise market. Companies initially nudged employees to use AI more in their work, but soon some saw the bills as prohibitively high.

OpenAI’s fortunes began to change after the March release of a new model, called GPT-5.4, that matched many of Anthropic’s capabilities. The company has since deployed its salespeople to sell its Codex tool, which is powered by its GPT model, to startups across Silicon Valley, oftentimes offering volume discounts and other sweeteners to win new customers.

Semianalysis, an AI-infrastructure data and consulting firm, recently published research showing how heavily the companies are subsidizing power users.

Subscribers to Anthropic’s Claude Max plan, which costs $200 a month, are able to burn tokens worth $8,000 in their usage-based plans administered through an application programming interface, or API, which allows them to integrate Anthropic’s technology into their products. Maximum use of OpenAI’s ChatGPT Pro 20x plan, which also costs $200 a month, can burn tokens worth $14,000.

In their quest to secure new business customers, Anthropic and OpenAI have zeroed in on startups participating in Y Combinator, the Silicon Valley institution that launched Airbnb and Stripe. In May, Sam Altman announced that OpenAI would give $2 million in token credits to every startup participating in the accelerator program in exchange for equity in those companies.

YC startup founders sit in an auditorium during Demo Day.Y Combinator runs four cohorts a year. Poppy Lynch for WSJ

Around the same time, Anthropic began offering Y Combinator startups $500,000 in free credits, a sharp increase from the $30,000 it previously offered, an Anthropic spokeswoman said. Anthropic’s offer doesn’t require startups to give up equity.

Soon afterward, in recent weeks, OpenAI adjusted its deal, offering startups $500,000 in free credits—no equity required—with an optional additional $1.5 million in credits in exchange for equity, according to people familiar with the matter.

The back-and-forth reflects the intense battle the companies are in to sway young startups that could become large customers in the future. Model providers hope that by offering these companies discounts, they can lock them into their ecosystem. 

At an event hosted to kick off the summer season of Y Combinator’s program, representatives from OpenAI and Anthropic, among others, met with startup founders and offered advice about making the most of their token usage, including by embracing loop engineering, or teaching AI agents to repeat a task until they have achieved their assigned goal.

Touchmark, an AI startup that was accepted by Y Combinator in May, was immediately granted $1 million in token credits from OpenAI and Anthropic before the accelerator even kicked off its summer session.  

For Ilia Bolgov, co-founder of Touchmark, the credits meant “quite a lot of time to go all-in on tokenmaxxing,” a term for using as many tokens as possible, he said. “It’s hard to imagine productivity now without these deals.”

The credits represent a massive potential investment on behalf of the model providers. Y Combinator runs four cohorts a year, with recent cohorts enrolling about 200 companies each, meaning OpenAI and Anthropic could offer up to $800 million in combined AI credits in the next year.

“The world of AI is being powered by OpenAI and Anthropic because they are giving startups the money to pay for it,” said Christopher Acker, co-founder of SuperPenguin, a firm that helps companies track their AI spending.

“If I’m choosing between a really cheap Chinese model that I actually have to pay for, and a very expensive Anthropic model that I don’t have to pay for, I’m going to pick the Anthropic model,” Acker said. “I’m always going to pick the one for which I have free credits.”

Copyright ©2026 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Angel Au-Yeung is a finance and technology reporter for The Wall Street Journal in San Francisco. She covers business leaders, startups and Silicon Valley culture. She has won several national awards for her work, including investigations into a Russian billionaire's ownership of dating app Bumble, the final months of the late former CEO of Zappos Tony Hsieh and the downfall of crypto-trading firm FTX.

She is the co-author of "Wonder Boy: Tony Hsieh, Zappos and the Myth of Happiness in Silicon Valley," which was named one of the best business books of 2023 by the Financial Times and described by the New Yorker as "mandatory reading for anyone who is interested in big tech."

Berber Jin covers startups and venture capital out of the Wall Street Journal's San Francisco office. His articles focus on the money and people powering Silicon Valley, with a recent focus on artificial intelligence. He previously covered the same topic for the Information, where he won a Best in Business award from the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing.

Berber is originally from Scarsdale, N.Y., and graduated from Stanford University.

Kate Clark covers startups, venture capital and artificial intelligence for The Wall Street Journal and is based in New York. Her reporting examines venture investment, private market dealmaking and the power dynamics between founders and investors in Silicon Valley and beyond. Previously, Kate was a senior reporter at Bloomberg News and a deputy bureau chief at The Information, where she led coverage of the venture capital and startup industry. She began her journalism career at TechCrunch and has won multiple Best in Business awards from the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing, including for breaking news coverage of OpenAI and for technology and markets reporting.

A Seattle native, she earned her degree from the University of Washington.


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Wealthy Families Swap Traditional Classrooms for AI Tutors and ‘Alternative’ Schools - WSJ

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LLM (google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-20260507) summary:

  • Educational Innovation: affluent families explore private schooling models emphasizing life skills and real world problem solving over traditional academic fact recitation
  • Technology Integration: schools increasingly utilize artificial intelligence based tutoring platforms to create personalized learning paths for individual students
  • Entrepreneurial Focus: institutions like forge prep prioritize business building product design and practical skill development to prepare students for future economic shifts
  • Operational Autonomy: these private entities function outside of state reporting requirements making comparative effectiveness difficult to track
  • Professional Nomenclature: staff members in these non traditional environments are referred to as guides or coaches rather than teachers
  • Industry Expansion: companies like alpha school are scaling operations rapidly with new physical locations and direct to consumer at home software products
  • Academic Skepticism: experts from established educational institutions express concern regarding the lack of empirical evidence supporting these new hybrid delivery models
  • Social Homogeneity: critics observe that the niche focus on high tech venture and entrepreneurial skills may contribute to limited diversity within student populations

July 3, 2026 9:00 pm ET

Two students reading books in hexagon-shaped cubbies.Alpha students in Austin, Texas. Alpha School

There was nothing wrong with the Madison, N.J., public school Ankur Jain’s 11-year-old son attended: Arjan was happy and excelling academically. But Jain was intrigued by Forge Prep, a new school for fifth through eighth-graders in nearby Livingston that promised learning through real-world problem-solving, building businesses and designing products.

This appealed to Jain’s entrepreneurial side. His son could learn negotiation, sales and public speaking—tools he didn’t fully develop until his 20s. 

“The future is changing,” says Jain, the president of a hedge fund. “If we’re still teaching the kids the way we used to 60, 70, 80 years ago, how are we preparing them?”

Alternative schooling is having a moment among high-income parents. Families who can afford to send their kids to the best K-8 institutions are seeking new options. They’re exploring schools that prioritize life skills and call teachers “guides” or “coaches.” Some use AI-based tutors that tailor the curriculum to the child’s individual needs.

Parents considering less traditional options say AI is poised to have significant effects on the economy, so old ways of learning may no longer make sense. (Forge Prep’s marketing materials refer to it as “built for 2040. Not 1940.”) They also say AI tutors and hands-on learning in smaller groups offer opportunities for a more individualized curriculum.

Unlike public schools, these institutions aren’t required to report metrics to the state and their relative effectiveness can be difficult to evaluate. 

The Badger Den under renovation, with exposed metal studs, a wooden arched ceiling, and large windows.The Forge Prep campus is undergoing renovation at the site of a former Catholic school in Livingston, N.J. Forge Prep

Alpha School, which focuses on K-8, though some locations go through high school, has garnered the most attention in recent years. It started in Austin, Texas, 12 years ago and added eight schools around the country in 2025, San Francisco and New York among them. This fall, nearly two dozen more are set to open, including in Palo Alto, the East Bay and Malibu, Calif. Alpha also sells home-schooling software and its skills-based curriculum.

Shaun Johnson, a venture capitalist who lives in San Francisco, plans to send his son to Alpha kindergarten. The school provides two hours of AI-based tutoring followed by interactive project-based workshops. The local tuition is $75,000 a year.

Johnson made the decision after being unhappy with the public school his family got in the local lottery. He didn’t strongly consider local standard private-school options.

“We recognize that education is likely broken the way it is and there’s going to be entrepreneurs that try to fix it,” he says. “You want someone to be able to think on their feet and navigate the world, not necessarily a recitation of facts in a particular discipline.”

Alpha’s main draw, Johnson says, is a more personalized way for his son to learn. The AI platform records students’ interactions, including how well they are paying attention. A child’s performance influences the curriculum for the coming days and weeks in what Johnson thinks of as a positive learning loop.

“It’s not AI for AI’s sake,” he says. “It’s personalization.”

High-profile fans of Alpha have included billionaire Bill Ackman. Its in-person guides are all paid six figures, according to Anna Davlantes, a spokeswoman. Remote coaches who assist with the AI software are spread out around the globe.

“Parents who can send their kids to any school are looking at alternative models to see if that’s a better fit for their child in terms of arming their kids with skills for the future,” she says. Many of the New York Alpha families work in finance, including venture capital, or are entrepreneurs, while the Bay Area ones are largely made up of people in tech-related professions, adds Davlantes.

Alpha School students on the Via Ferrata hike at Palisades Tahoe.Alpha School students from the San Francisco campus go rock climbing at Palisades Tahoe. Alpha School

Alpha School co-founder MacKenzie Price previously told The Wall Street Journal that the school also aims to keep hot-button social issues out of its classrooms.

Variations on project-based learning go back centuries, says Caroline Hoxby, a professor at Stanford University. What’s new are hybrid programs that mix in AI. 

There’s currently an awareness, especially among parents who work in tech, that AI will take the place of routine or pattern-based thinking. “They are very inclined to take on tools for their children that are not traditional tools,” says Hoxby.

Yet the effectiveness of such models is largely unknown, she says, adding, “I am not a cheerleader for any type of education for which there is negligible scientific-type empirical evidence.”

Alpha’s Davlantes says, “We have globally renowned learning scientists who help build Alpha’s model based on decades of foundational research,” adding, “They are part of a larger team of highly qualified academics behind the platform.”

An entrepreneurial or AI focus might also narrow the appeal, leading to a more homogenous student population than standard private schools, says Victor Lee, a professor with the Stanford Graduate School of Education.

And by avoiding the title “teacher,” the models can inadvertently minimize the profession, he adds.

“It does have a negative impact on recognizing the work and skills that teachers bring,” he says. “It diminishes the role and degree of professionalism that teaching requires.”

Davlantes says Alpha’s guides took a vote and opted against being called teachers.

Renzi Stone, who runs a boutique marketing strategy firm in Oklahoma City, recently started spending around $800 a month on Alpha’s at-home software platform for his son, who just finished eighth grade. Stone estimates that over the years he’s spent well over $300,000 on private education for his two kids. 

He’s been happy with the culture and the community but disappointed by academic outcomes. He believes AI can make screen time far more productive for students.

“I think this is a sea-change moment in our country where we need to reimagine curriculum,” he says.

Stone’s son will do nine weeks of Alpha School tutoring this summer: He’s working to get his son’s private school to pilot the Alpha software.

A child in a yellow hard hat writes on a post-it note on a window during a Forge tour.A child leaves a note during a Forge Prep campus tour for students and families in May. Jeff Miller/Forge Prep

Anand Sanwal, who runs a market intelligence platform and founded Forge Prep in New Jersey, says he received 600 applications for this coming fall. There will be 34 students across four grades but eventually the school will go through 12th grade with 400 total students. Once there is a graduating class, a student who starts a company and works on it full-time after graduation is eligible for a $200,000 investment from Forge.

As for Forge not reporting performance data as public schools do, Sanwal says, “There’s nothing that would suggest if we look at their metrics that things are going well.”

Tuition for the inaugural class is between $24,000 and $36,000, with 30% of students on financial aid. Next year tuition will rise to $60,000.

Sanwal says the school’s take on technology is phone free and light on Chromebooks, and all guides are former teachers. Kids will use AI for “creation not consumption.”

“The world is changing really fast,” he says. “I’m pretty sure the model the parents had when they were in school is not going to work for what’s about to happen.”

Copyright ©2026 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Katherine Bindley is a technology reporter for The Wall Street Journal in San Francisco, where she covers the work and culture of Silicon Valley. Email her at katie.bindley@wsj.com and find her on Twitter: @katiebindley


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Forensics Take Center Stage in the Mystery Will of Tony Hsieh - WSJ

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LLM (google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-20260507) summary:

  • Unexpected Correspondence: a suspicious seven-page document claiming to be a last will and testament arrived via snail mail at a las vegas courthouse and an attorney office years after the death of the zappos executive.
  • Dubious Origin: the discovery of the papers was allegedly facilitated by an individual who claimed they were found among a deceased relative's belongings in pakistan.
  • Historical Parallels: court observers have drawn cynical comparisons between this incident and the forty fraudulent claims that emerged following the death of howard hughes.
  • Forensic Scrutiny: officials have commissioned expensive laboratory testing on the physical document, including chemical ink analysis and handwriting forensics, to determine if the claims are fabricated.
  • Family Opposition: the deceased's relatives have publicly labeled the document a scam, forcing a legal showdown in which a court-appointed special master is currently overseeing evidence.
  • Coercive Clauses: the contested document contains a punitive no-contest provision designed to disinherit the family members entirely if they dare to challenge its dubious validity in court.
  • Elusive Witnesses: despite the gravity of the potential inheritance, no individuals who purportedly witnessed the signing have come forward, and the primary messenger has conveniently disappeared.
  • Bureaucratic Delay: the ongoing legal circus continues to consume time and resources while experts analyze paper and ink, mirroring the lengthy and expensive litigation surrounding previous high-profile estate frauds.

Illustration of Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh over text related to a last will and testament Emil Lendof/WSJ, Getty Images

June 29, 2026 5:30 am ET

BPC > Try for full article text (no need to report issue for external site): | archive.today | archive.li

When tech executive Tony Hsieh died at age 46 in a tragic 2020 fire after battling drug abuse, it was believed he had left behind a fortune valued at hundreds of millions of dollars and no will.

But last March, seven typed pages, apparently containing the former Zappos chief executive’s final wishes, surfaced via snail mail to the Las Vegas courthouse.

Copies of the purported will, dated March 2015, were also sent to the offices of a Las Vegas trust attorney named Robert Armstrong. A man who identified himself as Kashif Singh soon called Armstrong’s offices. 

Singh said he found the will in his dead grandfather’s belongings. The office of Armstrong, who said he never met Hsieh and yet was named a co-executor for Hsieh’s estate in the surprise will, received another befuddling document: a death certificate of Singh’s grandfather. It was from Balochistan, a province in Pakistan. 

With over a year of mounting mystery and no real answers, the court approved forensic testing of the purported will, which began in the first week of June, kicking off the next phase in an already tortured legal battle for the future of Hsieh’s estate. 

The peculiar details in his contested fortune hark back to another strange will from 50 years ago, involving yet another Las Vegas-based entrepreneur, known more now for his oddities than his accomplishments: Howard Hughes.

In 1976, three weeks after the death of the reclusive billionaire, a handwritten document claiming to be Hughes’s will appeared at the headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City.

Reclusive billionaire Howard HughesRoughly 40 purported wills emerged after the death of reclusive billionaire Howard Hughes. Bettmann Archive/Getty Images

Dubbed the “Mormon Will,” it was one of roughly 40 purported wills that emerged after Hughes’s death, and hundreds of people came forward to claim some of his vast fortune. The Mormon Will, however, received the most thorough scrutiny, enduring a seven-month jury trial and dueling testimonies by forensic experts until it was eventually declared a forgery.

“The scenario for this particular document is almost identical to what happened with Hughes,” said Albert H. Lyter III, a forensic chemist who was asked by the courts in the 1970s to examine and testify on the Mormon will. 

The mystery will for Hsieh could face a similar legal process. Comparisons between Hsieh and Hughes have already been made in Las Vegas court by Judge Gloria Sturman. 

A lot is at stake for the family. The Hsieh will included a “no contest” clause directed at Hsieh’s parents and two younger brothers. If even one of them challenged the document, they would all get nothing. Hsieh’s father, Richard Hsieh, has demanded a jury trial.

Hsieh’s family declared the will a “scam” in December and asked the courts to invalidate the document, but the court in May appointed a “special master” to oversee forensic testing. The family has also hired their own forensic experts.

If the findings between the two teams of experts are at odds, that would mirror the trial for the Hughes Mormon Will.

A forged will and a brothel

The Mormon Will appeared one day in 1976 on a desk at the headquarters of the Utah church. It divided up Hughes’s estimated $2.5 billion estate to a few medical, educational and social groups, family members, employees and the church.

But perhaps the most bizarre directive in the will: that one-sixteenth of Hughes’s estate, or $156 million, go to Melvin Dummar, a gas-station operator in Utah.

Melvin Dummar, a gas station operator in Utah, claimed he had a reward in the Mormon Will. Melvin Dummar, a gas-station operator in Utah, claimed he had a reward in the Hughes Mormon Will. AP

Dummar claimed in court it was his reward after he found Hughes near a brothel one night, face down, and gave him a ride to Las Vegas. 

He initially claimed he didn’t know about the will at all. But after questioning by Hughes’s family lawyers, Dummar revealed he hadn’t only lied about not knowing about the will, he actually dropped the document off at the church’s headquarters.

Lyter, who was in his 20s at the time, was one of several experts asked to testify on the will’s authenticity. He worked in a unit of the Internal Revenue Service and often looked at documents for tax-fraud cases.

His expertise was in ink analysis, which involved a series of physical and chemical procedures to determine the make and model of ink used.

“At the time, there was nobody in the private sector that would’ve been appropriate to do the ink analysis,” the 75-year-old said.

In testimony for Nevada and Texas courts, he shared findings that the ink used was consistent with the document’s purported date, supporting the authenticity of the will. 

Other forensic experts, particularly in handwriting analysis, concluded that the will didn’t match Hughes’s strokes, recalled Lyter. A jury eventually declared the will a forgery.

A ‘time of the essence’ test

Zappos.com CEO Tony Hsieh speaking at a convention  in Las Vegas in 2014.<a href="http://Zappos.com" rel="nofollow">Zappos.com</a> CEO Tony Hsieh speaking at a convention in Las Vegas in 2014. Charley Gallay/Getty Images

In May, a Las Vegas judge appointed forensic expert Gerry LaPorte as the “special master” to oversee forensic testing of the Hsieh will. LaPorte, who runs his own private practice, is also currently the laboratory director for a federal investigations unit.

LaPorte has worked on a number of high-profile cases as a forensics expert. He has examined threat letters sent to past U.S. presidents including George W. Bush and Barack Obama. A judge for the Southern District of New York requested he examine the authenticity of a diary belonging to an unnamed victim of Jeffrey Epstein. 

Probate cases are far from unusual for LaPorte. “I have probably five active cases right now involving wills,” he said. LaPorte was unable to speak on the specifics of his work on the Hsieh case, but much of his forensic testing process has been outlined in court filings.

He and his team shipped roughly 150 pounds worth of forensic equipment, boxed in Pelican cases, from his Virginia laboratory to Las Vegas for an on-site examination of the Hsieh will at the courthouse, which took place in early June. 

The main forensic test conducted was around ink analysis, including on the signatures. Ink analysis work “is a ‘time of the essence’ test since the ink used for the signatures on the 2015 Will could be in an active drying process if they were applied within the two years,” wrote LaPorte. 

Other tests that could eventually be conducted on the purported will include handwriting analysis of the signatures as well as fingerprints and DNA scans of the document.  

In the room with LaPorte was Larry Stewart, a forensic expert hired by Hsieh’s family, who also conducted his own examinations of the document.

Stewart, who declined to be interviewed, was the former lab director and chief forensic scientist at the U.S. Secret Service. He now runs his own private practice.

Stewart has worked on a number of famous cases, including the Unabomber and the reinvestigations of the murders of Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy. 

Forensic expert Larry Stewart arrives at court in New York in 2004.Forensic expert Larry Stewart, pictured in New York in 2004, was hired by Hsieh’s family. Zack Seckler/AP

Perhaps most infamously, in 2004, Stewart was accused of lying during his expert testimony in Martha Stewart’s trial related to sales of ImClone Systems stock. Larry Stewart was found not guilty of perjury. The next year, he stepped down from government service.

According to LaPorte’s written recommendation to the court, he and his team will issue a comprehensive written report by July 24. Afterward, the Hsieh family’s experts will be able to respond.

If LaPorte’s findings support the veracity of the purported will, the already protracted legal battle will continue on. 

Meanwhile, none of the witnesses who signed the document have come forward to the court, and Singh—the man who allegedly sent the mystery will and called Armstrong’s law firm offices—appears to have vanished.

Copyright ©2026 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Angel Au-Yeung is a finance and technology reporter for The Wall Street Journal in San Francisco. She covers business leaders, startups and Silicon Valley culture. She has won several national awards for her work, including investigations into a Russian billionaire's ownership of dating app Bumble, the final months of the late former CEO of Zappos Tony Hsieh and the downfall of crypto-trading firm FTX.

She is the co-author of "Wonder Boy: Tony Hsieh, Zappos and the Myth of Happiness in Silicon Valley," which was named one of the best business books of 2023 by the Financial Times and described by the New Yorker as "mandatory reading for anyone who is interested in big tech."

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bogorad
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LLM (google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-20260507) summary:

  • Orbital Maneuvers: six russian satellites utilized fuel-intensive propulsion sequences to adjust their paths toward a finnish-operated imaging spacecraft.
  • Proximity Concerns: observation data indicates these russian assets achieved a distance as close as thirteen kilometers from a commercial target used for defense.
  • Strategic Intent: western analysts speculate these movements facilitate potential inspection, signal interference, or physical kinetic action against satellites supporting ukraine.
  • Resource Expenditure: the deliberate use of significant propellant for these orbital plane changes is described as behavior deviating from routine communication or reconnaissance missions.
  • Escalating Patterns: reliance on rendezvous and proximity operations represents an expansion of past russian military activity from geostationary orbits into low earth orbit.
  • Infrastructure Friction: official russian rhetoric has previously identified commercial western space assets as legitimate targets due to their function in supporting military operations.
  • Technological Parity: industry reports suggest russian military space capabilities currently match or exceed those of western powers, despite challenges in other domestic sectors.
  • Security Surveillance: experts advocate for incorporating onboard sensors into private satellites to mitigate reliance on ground-based tracking for threat detection.

Six mysterious Russian satellites launched earlier this year have been creeping toward an observation spacecraft used by Ukraine.

Experts worry the complex maneuvers may be a prelude to an attempt to destroy the satellite or disrupt its operations.

Something about the way in which Russia placed into orbit a batch of its Kosmos satellites in late April of this year piqued Greg Gillinger’s interest. Gillinger, the Senior Vice President at space intelligence company Integrity ISR, thought it was strange when Russia used its Soyuz rocket to drop off the first of the satellites at an altitude of 550 kilometers, then dispatched the rest to a different orbital plane using the Volga space tug.

The satellites, numbered 2609 to 2614, weigh about 600 kilograms each. But that’s about as much as Western analysts know about them. For Gillinger, the effort Russia put into fine-tuning its orbits raises alarms.

The orbital plane is an imaginary disc tilted toward Earth’s equator, on which a satellite orbits. Changing orbital planes, once in space, is difficult and demands a lot of fuel, Gillinger said. The availability of fuel limits the useful lifetime of a satellite. Most operators perform fuel-hungry maneuvers with caution. Launching satellites with the intention to perform such maneuvers requires big fuel tanks, which reduce the usable payload mass a rocket can send into space.

Gillinger, who previously served as the chief of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) at the Combined Space Operations Center of the U.S. Air Force, said that monitoring space launches is simply something he is in the habit of doing. In the weeks following the April Kosmos launch, he kept a close eye on data tracking the six satellites. This data was made available by the U.S. military.

It didn’t take long to confirm that the satellites had an unusual mission.

The original orbital plane the satellites were placed into was already very close to that of two satellites of the Finnish Earth-observing constellation ICEYE. By mid-May, several of the Kosmos satellites were firing their thrusters, burning precious fuel, to align even more closely with the ICEYE duo.

“My assumption is that you don’t do this by accident,” said Gillinger. “It requires an enormous amount of energy to change orbital inclination. It’s not typical to see reconnaissance satellites or communication satellites or other types of satellites do anything like this.”

As they circle Earth, the Kosmos satellites now, thanks to this orbital alignment, regularly pass the ICEYE X36 satellite at a distance that causes concerns. On May 29th, Gillinger said, the distance between the Kosmos 2614 and ICEYE X36 shrank to only 13 kilometers.

Gillinger says that although the Russian sextet doesn’t “do anything dangerous or alarming” at the moment. The close approaches suggest that Russia may want to cause some harm to the ICEYE satellites or disrupt their operations.

“It’s a behavior we haven’t seen before,” Gillinger said. “It could be something as easy as an inspection mission. We don’t know. They might even want to interfere with the ICEYE satellite kinetically or non-kinetically.”

Kinetic interference refers to the use of physical force to destroy a target. In the space context, a kinetic attack could involve an intentional collision or the use of robotic grabbers to knock out a satellite. Non-kinetic interference could involve signal jamming or blinding the satellite’s sensors with laser light.

That Russia should be interested in ICEYE comes as no surprise to experts. The Finnish constellation is the world’s largest fitted with synthetic aperture radar instruments (SAR), which observe Earth’s surface through clouds and in the dark. Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, ICEYE has been a key supporter of the Ukrainian defense effort. The embattled country even purchased priority access to the constellation’s images using money collected in a crowdfunding campaign.

“You have some curious in-orbit developments that aren’t normal, paired with a satellite that has been actively supporting Ukraine for years,” remarked Gillinger.

In fact, Russian officials have previously publicly expressed their discontent with Western satellite operators aiding Ukraine. In October 2022, about eight months after the invasion, Konstantin Vorontsov, the deputy director of the Russian foreign ministry’s department for non-proliferation and arms control, told the United Nations assembly that such “quasi-civilian infrastructure may become a legitimate target for retaliation.” He also described the role of commercial satellites in the defense effort as “an extremely dangerous trend.”

ICEYE declined to comment on the situation.

Space situational awareness software company COMSPOC confirmed its experts, too, had observed the close approach between Kosmos 2614 and ICEYE-X36 on May 29. Although they estimated the distance of the closest approach at 43 kilometers.

“What makes this maneuver particularly noteworthy is that the deployment pattern and subsequent orbit plane changes are highly unusual,” a COMSPOC spokesperson told Supercluster in an email.

The company said it would continue observing the situation.

Victoria Samson, the Chief Director for Space Security and Stability at the Secure World Foundation, said that although the Kosmos satellites are not the first Russian spacecraft to sneak up on Western spacecraft in orbit, the incident is a step-up from earlier Russian threats.

“This type of RPO (rendezvous and proximity operations) is not unusual for Russia,” Samson told Supercluster in an email. “Their Luch and Luch 2 satellites have gotten co-planar [orbiting in the same plane] with numerous US intelligence satellites. But this is the first time, as far as I know, that Russian satellites have gotten co-planar with a commercial satellite in low Earth orbit.”

Samson is a co-author of the Secure World Foundation’s Global Counterspace Capabilities Report published in June 2025. The report revealed that although Russia’s civilian space program may have been in decline for years, the Eastern European power’s military space technology is very much on par with that of China and, in many aspects, exceeds the capabilities possessed by the United States and Europe.

In fact, Russia’s maneuvers in orbit have been causing a stir among Western space security experts for more than a decade. The Luch satellite, mentioned by Samson, has been zooming around the geostationary ring — the orbital region at the altitude of 36,000 kilometers, where many telecommunications and spy satellites reside — since 2014. During those years, Luch has repeatedly positioned itself close to various Western spacecraft. Its sibling satellite, Luch 2, has been performing similar maneuvers since 2023.

European authorities think the Luchs may have been eavesdropping on European commercial and state-owned communications satellites and might even be trying to disrupt their transmissions using on-board jammers.

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Before Kosmos 2609 to 2614, other satellites from the Kosmos family have conducted suspicious exercises in low Earth orbit. In addition to the ICEYE SAR constellation, the low Earth orbit, at altitudes of up to 2,000 kilometers, is home to internet-beaming mega-constellations such as SpaceX’s Starlink and other Earth-observing fleets capable of imaging Earth’s surface in detail. Many of these systems have been aiding Ukraine’s defence efforts against Russia.

The maneuvers, performed regularly since 2015, have demonstrated Russia’s ability to approach other satellites in Low Earth orbit, and, in some cases, suggested that Russia possesses technology to enable satellites to fly at a close distance in a coordinated manner.

Russia has been secretive about the purpose of these tests.

The Secure World Foundation states that while these technologies could be used for satellite servicing and inspection, they could also enable Russia to either disrupt Western satellite services by jamming their signal at close distance or even cause physical damage.

Gillinger said the ICEYE incident sends a signal to Western commercial satellite operators and governments to rethink their approach to space situational awareness. Simply monitoring objects in space using telescopes and radars on Earth may no longer suffice.

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“We might want to start thinking about equipping satellites with their own space awareness capabilities,” he said. “If you really want to be certain what’s going on around your satellites, having an onboard capability to see the surrounding area will become more important. If the ICEYE X36 satellite had a small space awareness sensor suite on board, the operators would be able to observe the Kosmos satellite and determine whether they should be maneuvering."

Space security experts have been sounding the alarm for years about emerging threats in the space environment. Last year, China sent ripples through the space world by performing close-proximity maneuvers described as satellite dogfighting. U.S. military sources said at that time that five Chinese satellites had been moving around each other “in synchronicity and with control” in a way reminiscent of the acrobatic chases performed during the Second World War between German and British fighter aircraft.

In January this year, Germany’s State Secretary for Defence Jens Plötner said that European satellites experience interference from Russia and China “on an almost daily basis,” according to Euronews.

Space security researchers are warning about the susceptibility of space technology to cyber attacks. The space around Earth is full of older satellites built without cyber protections, and although no satellite hack has been verifiably reported to date, researchers have discovered multiple vulnerabilities in widely used onboard software.

The invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was preceded by a cyber attack on terminals of American satellite operator Viasat, which was at that time frequently used by Ukrainian forces.

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bogorad
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