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A Mysterious Blob of Cold Water Defies Ocean Heat – Now We Know Why : ScienceAlert

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  • Ocean Cooling: A persistent cold spot south of Greenland, observed for over a century, defies the general trend of ocean warming.

  • Research Findings: Analysis of century-long data by scientists Wei Liu and Kai-Yuan Li revealed this cold patch extends thousands of meters deep.

  • AMOC Slowdown: The anomaly is linked to a significant slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a major ocean current system.

  • Climate Change Impact: Freshwater influx from melting glaciers due to climate change reduces salinity, weakening the AMOC's ability to circulate heat.

  • Future Implications: Continued greenhouse gas emissions are expected to further weaken the AMOC, potentially causing disruptions to global weather patterns and food security.


Over the last decade, Earth's oceans have been warming at unprecedented rates, yet one mysterious blob of water, just south of Greenland, has defied this trend. It has stubbornly remained colder than its surrounding waters for over a century now.

"People have been asking why this cold spot exists," says University of California Riverside climate scientist Wei Liu.

To find out, Liu and oceanographer Kai-Yuan Li analyzed a century's worth of temperature and salinity data. They found this mysterious cool patch wasn't limited to the ocean surface, but extended 3,000 meters (around 9,840 feet) deep. And only one scenario they explored could explain both sets of data.

It's the same scenario researchers have been warning the world about for years now: one of Earth's major ocean circulation systems, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), is slowing down.

Related: Giant 'Blobs' in The Pacific Ocean Finally Have Their Origins Revealed

"If you look at the observations and compare them with all the simulations, only the weakened-AMOC scenario reproduces the cooling in this one region," explains Li.

If the AMOC stalls, it will disrupt monsoon seasons in the tropics, and North America and Europe will experience even harsher winters. The knock-on effects will severely impact entire ecosystems and global food security.

The AMOC is a large heat- and salt-driven system of ocean currents that sweeps warm salty water northward. This water cools on its wending journey north, which makes it denser. As the cooler water sinks, water from other oceans is pulled in to fill the surface, driving the cooler water back down south again.

With increasing contributions of freshwater from climate change-driven glacier melt, concentrations of salt in the sea water drop, and the water becomes less dense, disrupting the sinking-with-cooling process and weakening the entire physical cycle.

That's exactly what the sea surface salinity records showed. Li and Liu found the odd cold spot in the north, near the melting glaciers, had decreasing levels of salinity. Near the equator, however, salinity had increased as the weaker currents failed to stir things up as forcefully.

All up, the researchers calculated AMOC has slowed from -1.01 to -2.97 million cubic meters of water per second between 1900 to 2005.

"This work shows the AMOC has been weakening for more than a century, and that trend is likely to continue if greenhouse gases keep rising," Li concludes.

This research was published in Communications Earth & Environment.

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bogorad
9 hours ago
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Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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The term "context engineering" is gaining traction over "prompt engineering" as it better describes the skill of providing LLMs with the necessary information (Simon Willison/Simon Willison's Weblog)

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Simon Willison / Simon Willison's Weblog:
The term “context engineering” is gaining traction over “prompt engineering” as it better describes the skill of providing LLMs with the necessary information  —  I've spoken favorably of prompt engineering in the past - I hoped that term could capture the inherent complexity of constructing reliable prompts.

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bogorad
9 hours ago
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MCP: An (Accidentally) Universal Plugin System

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There's this thing about USB-C that nobody really talks about. Not the part where we all had to buy new dongles (RIP my dongle drawer, 2010-2023). The other part.

See, we all thought USB-C was just going to be about charging things and moving files around like the other USBs. Very serious. Very purposeful. But because of the way it is it can do... other things.

My friend Rex connected his toaster to his monitor last week. I don't know why. The toaster doesn't know why. But it worked, and now Rex's toast has HDMI output.

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The Cigarette Lighter Principle

Remember car cigarette lighters? Nobody uses them for cigarettes anymore. They're just universal power outlets that happen to be shaped like something from 1952. Your car doesn't care if you're charging a phone or running a personal pizza oven. The hole is the same size. The power is there.

The protocol doesn't judge your life choices.

This brings me to something I discovered about MCP (Model Context Protocol) while trying to make my calendar app order takeout. Stay with me here.

When Protocols Become Accidentally Universal

Everyone thinks MCP is for making AI assistants smarter. You know, "Claude, please read my files and understand my soul." And sure, it does that. But here's what they put in the documentation that made me spit out my morning tea:

"MCP provides a standardized way to connect AI models to different data sources and tools."

Okay but. But. What if you just... removed the AI part?

What if it's just "a standardized way to connect AI models literally anything to different data sources and tools"?

The NFT Base64 Revelation

Or remember when someone looked at NFTs—which were supposed to just point at images—and thought "what if the pointer... WAS the image?"

For those of you who don’t get the idea, copy and paste this into your url bar: data:application/json;base64,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

The protocol meant for storing references became a protocol for storing reality. It's like using a library card as the actual book.

The Network Effect Nobody Expected

Here's where it gets even better. The more MCP servers people build for AI, the more capabilities every app can have. It's like:

  1. Someone builds an MCP server for their AI to access Spotify

  2. Your workout app can now generate playlists

  3. You didn't write any Spotify code

  4. The Spotify MCP developer doesn't know your app exists

  5. Everyone wins?

It's like a potluck where everyone brings their specialty dish, but instead of food, it's functionality. And instead of eating, you're... actually, this metaphor is falling apart. But you get it.

The beautiful chaos is that every MCP server built for Claude or ChatGPT or whatever becomes a free plugin for anything that speaks MCP. It's accidentally creating a universal plugin ecosystem. Nobody planned this (I don’t think). It's just happening.

What USB-C Actually Means (A Meditation)

They keep saying MCP is like USB-C for AI. But what does that actually mean?

USB-C isn't special because it's a port. It's special because it's a possibility space. It's a hole that says "put something here and we'll figure it out." Power? Sure. Data? Why not. Video? Apparently yes. Toaster control protocols? Rex says absolutely.

MCP is the same thing but for functionality. It's not saying "I'm for AI." It's saying "I'm a well-designed hole. Put something here."

The Part Where I Tell You I'm Building Something

So we’re building this thing called APM (Actions Per Minute). On paper, it's a task management app. In reality? It's a shape-shifter that becomes whatever you plug into it.

The entire plugin system? Just MCP servers.

Want spell check? MCP server.

Want it to order coffee when you complete 10 tasks? MCP server.

Want your AI agents to respond like peons from Warcraft 3 when you assign them a task? Of course you do, and that MCP server is already written and ready to use.

The Toaster Protocol Principle

Every great protocol gets used for something its creators never imagined:

  • HTTP was for academic papers. Now it runs civilization.

  • Bluetooth was for hands-free calling. Now it unlocks your front door.

  • USB was for keyboards and mice. Now it charges your emotional support portable fan.

MCP thinks it's for giving context to AI models.

But really? It's just a really good protocol for making things talk to other things.

And in a world where Rex's toast has HDMI output, maybe that's exactly what we need.

---

P.S. If you build an MCP server that makes your computer emit the smell of fresh bread, we need to talk.

P.P.S. We’ve just opened up early access for APM. Build something weird. Build something useful. Build something that makes us question our life choices. I believe in you.

(Somewhere, a protocol is being used exactly as intended. This is deeply suspicious.)

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bogorad
12 hours ago
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Would you rather have cheap energy, or stupid culture wars?

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  • The article's central claim: The GOP's 'One Big Beautiful Bill' (BBB) attacks American energy production, particularly wind and solar, by imposing taxes and eliminating subsidies.

  • The BBB's impact: The bill could increase energy costs and make electricity less reliable, while also creating a new subsidy for metallurgical coal.

  • The GOP's motivation: The author suggests the GOP's actions stem from ignorance, misinformation about energy, and a culture war against progressive values.

  • Expected economic consequences: The author cites estimates that this bill will lead to the cancellation of more than 500 GW of the energy supply, which may lead to higher energy bills for Americans.

  • Comparison to China: The author notes that China is embracing technological progress in the energy space, contrasting it with the approach of the GOP.


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What's extra maddening about this is that in all likelihood, we'll have a Democrat-led government by the time the effects of this start to hit, and because such a large portion of our electorate is ignorant and unthinking, they'll believe that the pain is the fault of the current administration at that time.

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Maybe to fully understand the GOP on fossil fuels and solar we need to go psycho-sexual. Put them all on a couch and I bet you’d find that fossil fuels are, in their psyches, explosive, penetrative, manly. Solar is gentle, receptive, feminine. They simply can’t stomach the idea of being a Bottom.

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bogorad
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US shoppers ditch Shein and Temu as Trump closes tax loophole

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  • Temu and Shein ad spending: Temu's US ad spending fell by 87% and Shein's dropped by 69% in the past three months.

  • User growth decline: Temu's monthly active users in the US plunged 51% between March and June, while Shein's fell by 12%.

  • Tax loophole closure: The decline may be tied to Trump imposing tariffs on Chinese goods and closing a tax loophole.

  • Business model changes: Temu shifted to shipping from US-based sellers.

  • European market focus: Both companies are shifting focus to the European market.


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bogorad
12 hours ago
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Michael Saylor, the billionaire betting on a crypto dream -- and the skeptic betting against it - The Washington Post

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  • Michael Saylor's Strategy: Transformed his company into a 'bitcoin treasury' by using stock and bonds to purchase substantial amounts of the cryptocurrency.

  • Jim Chanos' Skepticism: Bet against Saylor's 'bitcoin treasury,' arguing the company's valuation exceeds the value of its bitcoin holdings.

  • The Feud: Public disagreement between Saylor and Chanos, reflecting their differing views on Bitcoin.

  • Saylor's Approach: Believes in driving up Bitcoin's scarcity to increase its price, bolstering the value of company holdings.

  • Chanos' Reasoning: Questions why investors would pay a premium for Strategy when they could simply buy Bitcoin.


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bogorad
12 hours ago
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